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In essence, an abacus and a microcomputer are the same by functional nature.

The main differences between an abacus and a micro computer:
- decimally vs binary
An abacus most often, but not always, counts decimally. Decimally here means using single digits 0-9.
A microcomputer counts binary. Binary here means using single digits 0-1.

- manual vs automatic
An abacus counts manually, a microcomputer automatically.

- scale
Even though an abacus extends the ease of calculation compared to what a human can do with just his fingers, the extension of scope of calculation that a microcomputer provides is absolutely unmatched in comparison to either.

- energy
An abacus uses mechanical energy to count (our fingers) while a microcomputer uses electrical energy to count (electrically manipulated switches).

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