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P.S. I synthesize and re-write in my own words what books teach, write any example programs they contain, solve all exercises they offer, and comment cursively. I list pages done vs total pages, including any roman and appendix numbering.
SCO Ed6 Page5 - Phase1 0005/2384
1.1.2 Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Almost all computers consist of 2 or more levels of abstraction. Some even up to 6 levels. The circuits at level 0 carry out the machine level instructions. There is one more layer below level 0,- that of the internals of circuits, which we will call the device level. We do not go into this very lowest level since this is the level of electrical engineering,- we are then talking about solid state physics, which is truly beyond our scope as programmers.
The 6 level computer. Below each level we list the support method of said level
The lowest level that we will study, level 0, is the digital logic level. It consists of the most essential elements of computing: gates. In the underlying level these digital devices are composed of analog components, such as transistors. A gate receives one or more digital signals, called input, which are represented in level 1 as 0 or 1, and they compute as output combinations such as AND or OR. Each gate is composed of at max a handful of transistors. A small number of such gates are combined to form a 1-bit memory, which can store a state of 0 or 1. These 1-bit memories can be combined in groups to form registers of, for example, 8, 16, 32 or 64-bit memory.
SCO Ed6 Page5 - Phase1 0005/2384
1.1.2 Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Almost all computers consist of 2 or more levels of abstraction. Some even up to 6 levels. The circuits at level 0 carry out the machine level instructions. There is one more layer below level 0,- that of the internals of circuits, which we will call the device level. We do not go into this very lowest level since this is the level of electrical engineering,- we are then talking about solid state physics, which is truly beyond our scope as programmers.
The 6 level computer. Below each level we list the support method of said level
The lowest level that we will study, level 0, is the digital logic level. It consists of the most essential elements of computing: gates. In the underlying level these digital devices are composed of analog components, such as transistors. A gate receives one or more digital signals, called input, which are represented in level 1 as 0 or 1, and they compute as output combinations such as AND or OR. Each gate is composed of at max a handful of transistors. A small number of such gates are combined to form a 1-bit memory, which can store a state of 0 or 1. These 1-bit memories can be combined in groups to form registers of, for example, 8, 16, 32 or 64-bit memory.
